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Shabbat
"Remember the day of Shabbat, to
keep it holy. Pursue all your labor for six days, and do all your "Melachah"
(the term "Melachah" to be defined in Item 3, below). But the
seventh day is Shabbat to the L-rd your G-d; On it you may do no "Melachah,"
neither you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant,
nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor the stranger who is
within your gates. For in six days G-d made the heavens and the
earth, the sea and everything that is within it; And he rested on
the seventh day;
Therefore, G-d did bless the day of Shabbat and He made it holy."
(Shemot 19: 8-11; the Shabbat Command as recorded in the Shemot
version of the Ten Commandments)
"Guard the Day of
Shabbat to keep it holy, as the L-rd your G-d has
commanded. Pursue all your labor for six days, and do
all your "Melachah." But the seventh day is Shabbat for
the L-rd your G-d; Do no "Melachah" - not you, nor your
son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor
your ox or donkey or any of your cattle, nor the
stranger who resides within your gates, in order that
your male and female servants shall rest, as you rest.
And you shall remember that you were a slave in the Land
of Egypt, and the L-rd your G-d took you out from there
with a strong hand and an outstretched arm;
Therefore, did the L-rd your G-d command you to observe the Day
of Shabbat." (Devarim 5: 12-15; the Shabbat Command as
recorded in the Devarim version of the Ten Commandments.
The
39
categories of forbidden acts, all of which
are types of work that were needed to build the sanctuary:
- Sowing
- Plowing
- Reaping
- Binding sheaves
- Threshing
- Winnowing
- Selecting
- Grinding
- Sifting
- Kneading
- Baking
- Shearing wool
- Washing wool
- Beating wool
- Dyeing wool
- Spinning
- Weaving
- Making two loops
- Weaving two threads
- Separating two threads
- Tying
- Untying
- Sewing two stitches
- Tearing
- Trapping
- Slaughtering
- Flaying
- Salting meat
- Curing hide
- Scraping hide
- Cutting hide up
- Writing two letters
- Erasing two letters
- Building
- Tearing a building down
- Extinguishing a fire
- Kindling a fire
- Hitting with a hammer
- Taking an object from the private domain
to the public, or transporting an object in the public domain.
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